The Jews, one of the world’s oldest peoples, after the Roman conquests were expelled from their historic motherland, Judea and Israel. They have settled all over the world forming two groups, the European Ashkenazi and the Asian Sephardim. The museum exposition arranged in two rooms presents the history, religion, and culture of Russian, as well as Central Asian and Caucasian, Jews. To which group do most of Russia’s Jews belong? Why is the specific lifestyle of Jewish communities called “shtetl”? How was a shtetl, or town, organized? What was a qahal like? What peculiar feature did a Jewish dwelling place have? What is the Jewish law kashrut? How did traditional everyday meals differ from festive ones? How and why did the Jews keep the Sabbath rest day, or shabbat? What object in a synagogue is believed to be the most sacred one? How Judaism, the Jews’ ethnic religion, helped them retain their ethnic integrity?